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College Physics 2e

by Paul Peter Urone and Roger Hinrichs

Published by OpenStax

PhysicsCollege

College Physics 2e introduces topics conceptually and progresses through clear explanations in the context of career-oriented, practical applications, and meets the scope and sequence of an algebra-based physics course. The narrative of physics and scientific discovery has been even further expanded to focus on including more diverse contributors to the field. Building on the success of the first edition the authors have increased focus on interdisciplinary connections, including enhancements to biological and medical applications. The problem solving approach has been revised to further unify conceptual, analytical, and calculation skills within the learning process, the authors have integrated a wide array of strategies and supports throughout the text for students. The first edition of College Physics by OpenStax is available in web view here .

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Attribution

Adapted from College Physics 2e by Paul Peter Urone and Roger Hinrichs, published by OpenStax (Rice University) under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/). Access the original for free at https://openstax.org/details/books/college-physics-2e. Changes: converted to CuraCourse lessons, with interactive practice added.

Table of contents

317 pages in 36 modules. Sign up to read and adopt them.

  1. Preface1 page
    1. Preface
  2. 1Introduction: The Nature of Science and Physics6 pages
    1. Introduction to Science and the Realm of Physics, Physical Quantities, and Units
    2. 1.1Physics: An Introduction
    3. 1.2Physical Quantities and Units
    4. 1.3Accuracy, Precision, and Significant Figures
    5. 1.4Approximation
    6. Practice
  3. 2Kinematics10 pages
    1. Introduction to One-Dimensional Kinematics
    2. 2.1Displacement
    3. 2.2Vectors, Scalars, and Coordinate Systems
    4. 2.3Time, Velocity, and Speed
    5. 2.4Acceleration
    6. 2.5Motion Equations for Constant Acceleration in One Dimension
    7. 2.6Problem-Solving Basics for One-Dimensional Kinematics
    8. 2.7Falling Objects
    9. 2.8Graphical Analysis of One-Dimensional Motion
    10. Practice
  4. 3Two-Dimensional Kinematics7 pages
    1. Introduction to Two-Dimensional Kinematics
    2. 3.1Kinematics in Two Dimensions: An Introduction
    3. 3.2Vector Addition and Subtraction: Graphical Methods
    4. 3.3Vector Addition and Subtraction: Analytical Methods
    5. 3.4Projectile Motion
    6. 3.5Addition of Velocities
    7. Practice
  5. 4Dynamics: Force and Newton's Laws of Motion10 pages
    1. Introduction to Dynamics: Newton’s Laws of Motion
    2. 4.1Development of Force Concept
    3. 4.2Newton’s First Law of Motion: Inertia
    4. 4.3Newton’s Second Law of Motion: Concept of a System
    5. 4.4Newton’s Third Law of Motion: Symmetry in Forces
    6. 4.5Normal, Tension, and Other Examples of Forces
    7. 4.6Problem-Solving Strategies
    8. 4.7Further Applications of Newton’s Laws of Motion
    9. 4.8Extended Topic: The Four Basic Forces—An Introduction
    10. Practice
  6. 5Further Applications of Newton's Laws: Friction, Drag, and Elasticity5 pages
    1. Introduction: Further Applications of Newton’s Laws
    2. 5.1Friction
    3. 5.2Drag Forces
    4. 5.3Elasticity: Stress and Strain
    5. Practice
  7. 6Uniform Circular Motion and Gravitation8 pages
    1. Introduction to Uniform Circular Motion and Gravitation
    2. 6.1Rotation Angle and Angular Velocity
    3. 6.2Centripetal Acceleration
    4. 6.3Centripetal Force
    5. 6.4Fictitious Forces and Non-inertial Frames: The Coriolis Force
    6. 6.5Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation
    7. 6.6Satellites and Kepler’s Laws: An Argument for Simplicity
    8. Practice
  8. 7Work, Energy, and Energy Resources11 pages
    1. Introduction to Work, Energy, and Energy Resources
    2. 7.1Work: The Scientific Definition
    3. 7.2Kinetic Energy and the Work-Energy Theorem
    4. 7.3Gravitational Potential Energy
    5. 7.4Conservative Forces and Potential Energy
    6. 7.5Nonconservative Forces
    7. 7.6Conservation of Energy
    8. 7.7Power
    9. 7.8Work, Energy, and Power in Humans
    10. 7.9World Energy Use
    11. Practice
  9. 8Linear Momentum and Collisions9 pages
    1. Introduction to Linear Momentum and Collisions
    2. 8.1Linear Momentum and Force
    3. 8.2Impulse
    4. 8.3Conservation of Momentum
    5. 8.4Elastic Collisions in One Dimension
    6. 8.5Inelastic Collisions in One Dimension
    7. 8.6Collisions of Point Masses in Two Dimensions
    8. 8.7Introduction to Rocket Propulsion
    9. Practice
  10. 9Statics and Torque8 pages
    1. Introduction to Statics and Torque
    2. 9.1The First Condition for Equilibrium
    3. 9.2The Second Condition for Equilibrium
    4. 9.3Stability
    5. 9.4Applications of Statics, Including Problem-Solving Strategies
    6. 9.5Simple Machines
    7. 9.6Forces and Torques in Muscles and Joints
    8. Practice
  11. 10Rotational Motion and Angular Momentum9 pages
    1. Introduction to Rotational Motion and Angular Momentum
    2. 10.1Angular Acceleration
    3. 10.2Kinematics of Rotational Motion
    4. 10.3Dynamics of Rotational Motion: Rotational Inertia
    5. 10.4Rotational Kinetic Energy: Work and Energy Revisited
    6. 10.5Angular Momentum and Its Conservation
    7. 10.6Collisions of Extended Bodies in Two Dimensions
    8. 10.7Gyroscopic Effects: Vector Aspects of Angular Momentum
    9. Practice
  12. 11Fluid Statics11 pages
    1. Introduction to Fluid Statics
    2. 11.1What Is a Fluid?
    3. 11.2Density
    4. 11.3Pressure
    5. 11.4Variation of Pressure with Depth in a Fluid
    6. 11.5Pascal’s Principle
    7. 11.6Gauge Pressure, Absolute Pressure, and Pressure Measurement
    8. 11.7Archimedes’ Principle
    9. 11.8Cohesion and Adhesion in Liquids: Surface Tension and Capillary Action
    10. 11.9Pressures in the Body
    11. Practice
  13. 12Fluid Dynamics and Its Biological and Medical Applications9 pages
    1. Introduction to Fluid Dynamics and Its Biological and Medical Applications
    2. 12.1Flow Rate and Its Relation to Velocity
    3. 12.2Bernoulli’s Equation
    4. 12.3The Most General Applications of Bernoulli’s Equation
    5. 12.4Viscosity and Laminar Flow; Poiseuille’s Law
    6. 12.5The Onset of Turbulence
    7. 12.6Motion of an Object in a Viscous Fluid
    8. 12.7Molecular Transport Phenomena: Diffusion, Osmosis, and Related Processes
    9. Practice
  14. 13Temperature, Kinetic Theory, and the Gas Laws8 pages
    1. Introduction to Temperature, Kinetic Theory, and the Gas Laws
    2. 13.1Temperature
    3. 13.2Thermal Expansion of Solids and Liquids
    4. 13.3The Ideal Gas Law
    5. 13.4Kinetic Theory: Atomic and Molecular Explanation of Pressure and Temperature
    6. 13.5Phase Changes
    7. 13.6Humidity, Evaporation, and Boiling
    8. Practice
  15. 14Heat and Heat Transfer Methods9 pages
    1. Introduction to Heat and Heat Transfer Methods
    2. 14.1Heat
    3. 14.2Temperature Change and Heat Capacity
    4. 14.3Phase Change and Latent Heat
    5. 14.4Heat Transfer Methods
    6. 14.5Conduction
    7. 14.6Convection
    8. 14.7Radiation
    9. Practice
  16. 15Thermodynamics9 pages
    1. Introduction to Thermodynamics
    2. 15.1The First Law of Thermodynamics
    3. 15.2The First Law of Thermodynamics and Some Simple Processes
    4. 15.3Introduction to the Second Law of Thermodynamics: Heat Engines and Their Efficiency
    5. 15.4Carnot’s Perfect Heat Engine: The Second Law of Thermodynamics Restated
    6. 15.5Applications of Thermodynamics: Heat Pumps and Refrigerators
    7. 15.6Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics: Disorder and the Unavailability of Energy
    8. 15.7Statistical Interpretation of Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics: The Underlying Explanation
    9. Practice
  17. 16Oscillatory Motion and Waves13 pages
    1. Introduction to Oscillatory Motion and Waves
    2. 16.1Hooke’s Law: Stress and Strain Revisited
    3. 16.2Period and Frequency in Oscillations
    4. 16.3Simple Harmonic Motion: A Special Periodic Motion
    5. 16.4The Simple Pendulum
    6. 16.5Energy and the Simple Harmonic Oscillator
    7. 16.6Uniform Circular Motion and Simple Harmonic Motion
    8. 16.7Damped Harmonic Motion
    9. 16.8Forced Oscillations and Resonance
    10. 16.9Waves
    11. 16.10Superposition and Interference
    12. 16.11Energy in Waves: Intensity
    13. Practice
  18. 17Physics of Hearing9 pages
    1. Introduction to the Physics of Hearing
    2. 17.1Sound
    3. 17.2Speed of Sound, Frequency, and Wavelength
    4. 17.3Sound Intensity and Sound Level
    5. 17.4Doppler Effect and Sonic Booms
    6. 17.5Sound Interference and Resonance: Standing Waves in Air Columns
    7. 17.6Hearing
    8. 17.7Ultrasound
    9. Practice
  19. 18Electric Charge and Electric Field10 pages
    1. Introduction to Electric Charge and Electric Field
    2. 18.1Static Electricity and Charge: Conservation of Charge
    3. 18.2Conductors and Insulators
    4. 18.3Coulomb’s Law
    5. 18.4Electric Field: Concept of a Field Revisited
    6. 18.5Electric Field Lines: Multiple Charges
    7. 18.6Electric Forces in Biology
    8. 18.7Conductors and Electric Fields in Static Equilibrium
    9. 18.8Applications of Electrostatics
    10. Practice
  20. 19Electric Potential and Electric Field9 pages
    1. Introduction to Electric Potential and Electric Energy
    2. 19.1Electric Potential Energy: Potential Difference
    3. 19.2Electric Potential in a Uniform Electric Field
    4. 19.3Electrical Potential Due to a Point Charge
    5. 19.4Equipotential Lines
    6. 19.5Capacitors and Dielectrics
    7. 19.6Capacitors in Series and Parallel
    8. 19.7Energy Stored in Capacitors
    9. Practice
  21. 20Electric Current, Resistance, and Ohm's Law9 pages
    1. Introduction to Electric Current, Resistance, and Ohm's Law
    2. 20.1Current
    3. 20.2Ohm’s Law: Resistance and Simple Circuits
    4. 20.3Resistance and Resistivity
    5. 20.4Electric Power and Energy
    6. 20.5Alternating Current versus Direct Current
    7. 20.6Electric Hazards and the Human Body
    8. 20.7Nerve Conduction–Electrocardiograms
    9. Practice
  22. 21Circuits and DC Instruments8 pages
    1. Introduction to Circuits and DC Instruments
    2. 21.1Resistors in Series and Parallel
    3. 21.2Electromotive Force: Terminal Voltage
    4. 21.3Kirchhoff’s Rules
    5. 21.4DC Voltmeters and Ammeters
    6. 21.5Null Measurements
    7. 21.6DC Circuits Containing Resistors and Capacitors
    8. Practice
  23. 22Magnetism13 pages
    1. Introduction to Magnetism
    2. 22.1Magnets
    3. 22.2Ferromagnets and Electromagnets
    4. 22.3Magnetic Fields and Magnetic Field Lines
    5. 22.4Magnetic Field Strength: Force on a Moving Charge in a Magnetic Field
    6. 22.5Force on a Moving Charge in a Magnetic Field: Examples and Applications
    7. 22.6The Hall Effect
    8. 22.7Magnetic Force on a Current-Carrying Conductor
    9. 22.8Torque on a Current Loop: Motors and Meters
    10. 22.9Magnetic Fields Produced by Currents: Ampere’s Law
    11. 22.10Magnetic Force between Two Parallel Conductors
    12. 22.11More Applications of Magnetism
    13. Practice
  24. 23Electromagnetic Induction, AC Circuits, and Electrical Technologies14 pages
    1. Introduction to Electromagnetic Induction, AC Circuits and Electrical Technologies
    2. 23.1Induced Emf and Magnetic Flux
    3. 23.2Faraday’s Law of Induction: Lenz’s Law
    4. 23.3Motional Emf
    5. 23.4Eddy Currents and Magnetic Damping
    6. 23.5Electric Generators
    7. 23.6Back Emf
    8. 23.7Transformers
    9. 23.8Electrical Safety: Systems and Devices
    10. 23.9Inductance
    11. 23.10RL Circuits
    12. 23.11Reactance, Inductive and Capacitive
    13. 23.12RLC Series AC Circuits
    14. Practice
  25. 24Electromagnetic Waves6 pages
    1. Introduction to Electromagnetic Waves
    2. 24.1Maxwell’s Equations: Electromagnetic Waves Predicted and Observed
    3. 24.2Production of Electromagnetic Waves
    4. 24.3The Electromagnetic Spectrum
    5. 24.4Energy in Electromagnetic Waves
    6. Practice
  26. 25Geometric Optics9 pages
    1. Introduction to Geometric Optics
    2. 25.1The Ray Aspect of Light
    3. 25.2The Law of Reflection
    4. 25.3The Law of Refraction
    5. 25.4Total Internal Reflection
    6. 25.5Dispersion: The Rainbow and Prisms
    7. 25.6Image Formation by Lenses
    8. 25.7Image Formation by Mirrors
    9. Practice
  27. 26Vision and Optical Instruments8 pages
    1. Introduction to Vision and Optical Instruments
    2. 26.1Physics of the Eye
    3. 26.2Vision Correction
    4. 26.3Color and Color Vision
    5. 26.4Microscopes
    6. 26.5Telescopes
    7. 26.6Aberrations
    8. Practice
  28. 27Wave Optics11 pages
    1. Introduction to Wave Optics
    2. 27.1The Wave Aspect of Light: Interference
    3. 27.2Huygens's Principle: Diffraction
    4. 27.3Young’s Double Slit Experiment
    5. 27.4Multiple Slit Diffraction
    6. 27.5Single Slit Diffraction
    7. 27.6Limits of Resolution: The Rayleigh Criterion
    8. 27.7Thin Film Interference
    9. 27.8Polarization
    10. 27.9*Extended Topic* Microscopy Enhanced by the Wave Characteristics of Light
    11. Practice
  29. 28Special Relativity8 pages
    1. Introduction to Special Relativity
    2. 28.1Einstein’s Postulates
    3. 28.2Simultaneity And Time Dilation
    4. 28.3Length Contraction
    5. 28.4Relativistic Addition of Velocities
    6. 28.5Relativistic Momentum
    7. 28.6Relativistic Energy
    8. Practice
  30. 29Quantum Physics10 pages
    1. Introduction to Quantum Physics
    2. 29.1Quantization of Energy
    3. 29.2The Photoelectric Effect
    4. 29.3Photon Energies and the Electromagnetic Spectrum
    5. 29.4Photon Momentum
    6. 29.5The Particle-Wave Duality
    7. 29.6The Wave Nature of Matter
    8. 29.7Probability: The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
    9. 29.8The Particle-Wave Duality Reviewed
    10. Practice
  31. 30Atomic Physics11 pages
    1. Introduction to Atomic Physics
    2. 30.1Discovery of the Atom
    3. 30.2Discovery of the Parts of the Atom: Electrons and Nuclei
    4. 30.3Bohr’s Theory of the Hydrogen Atom
    5. 30.4X Rays: Atomic Origins and Applications
    6. 30.5Applications of Atomic Excitations and De-Excitations
    7. 30.6The Wave Nature of Matter Causes Quantization
    8. 30.7Patterns in Spectra Reveal More Quantization
    9. 30.8Quantum Numbers and Rules
    10. 30.9The Pauli Exclusion Principle
    11. Practice
  32. 31Radioactivity and Nuclear Physics9 pages
    1. Introduction to Radioactivity and Nuclear Physics
    2. 31.1Nuclear Radioactivity
    3. 31.2Radiation Detection and Detectors
    4. 31.3Substructure of the Nucleus
    5. 31.4Nuclear Decay and Conservation Laws
    6. 31.5Half-Life and Activity
    7. 31.6Binding Energy
    8. 31.7Tunneling
    9. Practice
  33. 32Medical Applications of Nuclear Physics9 pages
    1. Introduction to Applications of Nuclear Physics
    2. 32.1Diagnostics and Medical Imaging
    3. 32.2Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation
    4. 32.3Therapeutic Uses of Ionizing Radiation
    5. 32.4Food Irradiation
    6. 32.5Fusion
    7. 32.6Fission
    8. 32.7Nuclear Weapons
    9. Practice
  34. 33Particle Physics8 pages
    1. Introduction to Particle Physics
    2. 33.1The Yukawa Particle and the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle Revisited
    3. 33.2The Four Basic Forces
    4. 33.3Accelerators Create Matter from Energy
    5. 33.4Particles, Patterns, and Conservation Laws
    6. 33.5Quarks: Is That All There Is?
    7. 33.6GUTs: The Unification of Forces
    8. Practice
  35. 34Frontiers of Physics9 pages
    1. Introduction to Frontiers of Physics
    2. 34.1Cosmology and Particle Physics
    3. 34.2General Relativity and Quantum Gravity
    4. 34.3Superstrings
    5. 34.4Dark Matter and Closure
    6. 34.5Complexity and Chaos
    7. 34.6High-temperature Superconductors
    8. 34.7Some Questions We Know to Ask
    9. Practice
  36. Appendices4 pages
    1. AAtomic Masses
    2. BSelected Radioactive Isotopes
    3. CUseful Information
    4. DGlossary of Key Symbols and Notation